nikon plan fluor 20  (Nikon)

Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Quantitative phase imaging endoscopy with a metalens

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01587-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The metalens is illuminated with collimated light from an LED source with wavelengths centered at red (625 nm), green (530 nm), and blue (455 nm), respectively. Columns through the center of the measured camera intensity ( x – y ) are stacked through focus to create the longitudinal view ( y – z ) showing spectral dependence of focal length. The meta-optic is designed to focus green light at ~1 mm. The red light reaches focus first at 0.95 mm (top row), followed by green at z = 1.15 mm (middle row), and blue at z = 1.35 mm (bottom row). A weak secondary focus is seen at 0.5 mm for blue and green light. b Brightfield image of the fabricated hyperboloid lens surface with a ×10 microscope. c The focal length along the propagation direction ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$z)$$\end{document} z ) as a function of wavelength \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(\lambda )$$\end{document} ( λ ) shows almost perfect fit to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\lambda \propto \pi {r}^{2}/z$$\end{document} λ ∝ π r 2 / z . d The 2D PSF as a function of the focal distances for the RGB LEDs measured with a ×20 objective on a standard microscope

Article Snippet: The metalens imaging setup includes an infinity-corrected ×20 objective (Nikon Plan Fluor ×20, 0.50 NA), which collects light scattered by the metalens at a distance of 2 mm from the metalens.

Techniques: Microscopy

Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Quantitative phase imaging endoscopy with a metalens

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01587-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The metalens microscopy setup in imaging condition with the ×20 microscope objective (drawn to scale). The metalens is 2 f (2 mm) away from the phase target, in this case, a precision diffuser, with an inverted image formed at 2 f from the metalens. The microscope objective magnifies the real image by ×20 after passing through a tube lens onto a color CMOS camera. b The single shot color image captured on the camera. c Red and green simultaneously capture positive and negative defocus images on either side of the diffuser. d Equivalent positive and negative defocus measurements demonstrate that a δλ = 95 nm spectral shift ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\lambda }_{{\rm {R}}}=625\,{\rm {nm}}$$\end{document} λ R = 625 nm , λ G = 530 nm) corresponds to a δf = 190 μm focal length shift as shown previously, and hence to a ~0.4 mm shift in the imaging plane located 2 f from the lens (since 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta f=\pm 380\,{{\upmu m}}$$\end{document} δ f = ± 380 μ m ). e Phase retrieval enables digital propagation of the electric field to extrapolate the image formed by wavelengths separated by ~48 nm steps over the entire visible spectrum. f Defocus images measured experimentally are also digitally propagated to show similar caustic patterns to those extrapolated numerically by propagating the spectral measurements

Article Snippet: The metalens imaging setup includes an infinity-corrected ×20 objective (Nikon Plan Fluor ×20, 0.50 NA), which collects light scattered by the metalens at a distance of 2 mm from the metalens.

Techniques: Microscopy, Imaging

Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Quantitative phase imaging endoscopy with a metalens

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01587-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of quantitative phase imaging through a coherent fiber bundle. The 3 µm individual fiber cores preserve spectral intensity but distort spatial phase. a The metalens magnifies the 250 nm tall calibration target by 5× onto the face of a coherent fiber bundle. The fiber bundle acts as a photodetector array at the distal end (facing the sample) and as an array emitter at the proximal end (facing the objective/camera). The image transmitted by the fiber bundle is relayed by a microscope objective to the color camera, with a further magnification of ×20. b The distal end of the fiber bundle preserves the intensity information for each color but scrambles the phase. Using the correlation between the color channels we can retrieve the quantitative phase of the sample as it was before being scrambled through the fiber. c Recovered quantitative phase at the distal end of the fiber along with the ground truth as measured by manufacturer Benchmark Technologies Inc. for two targets. Note that the target in the top row has a diagonal tilt that blurs the phase in the top right corner. d The height map is extracted as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\phi }/\Delta {n}/{{k}}_{0}$$\end{document} ϕ / Δ n / k 0 ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\delta }{n}=0.52,{{k}}_{0}=2{\pi }/530\,{\rm{nm}}$$\end{document} δ n = 0.52 , k 0 = 2 π / 530 nm ) at the nominal green wavelength. Scale bars are at the sample plane before magnification by the metalens

Article Snippet: The metalens imaging setup includes an infinity-corrected ×20 objective (Nikon Plan Fluor ×20, 0.50 NA), which collects light scattered by the metalens at a distance of 2 mm from the metalens.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Imaging, Microscopy

Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Quantitative phase imaging endoscopy with a metalens

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01587-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Ground truth of the spirogyra algae shows spiral chloroplasts and dark beadlike zygoplasts. b and c From left to right—captured white light image \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${I}({{\lambda }}_{{\rm{R}}},{{\lambda }}_{{\rm{G}}},{{\lambda }}_{{\rm{B}}})$$\end{document} I ( λ R , λ G , λ B ) , two color channels \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${I}({{\lambda }}_{{\rm{R}}}){;I}({{\lambda }}_{{\rm{G}}})$$\end{document} I ( λ R ) ; I ( λ G ) , recovered quantitative phase \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\rm{\phi }}({x},{y})$$\end{document} ϕ ( x , y ) , and height map \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${h}({x},{y})$$\end{document} h ( x , y ) respectively for metalens only imaging configuration f , g Corresponding images through the CFB endoscope. The recovered phase corresponds linearly to the optical density ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\delta }{n}\times {h}$$\end{document} δ n × h ) of the sample. b Metalens-based single-shot QPI shows structural information, such as individual chloroplast strands. c Spirogyra on either side of the focal plane show opposite phase curvature, seen as depressed or elevated grooves. d Imaging configuration for metalens only imaging system for b , c with the metalens magnifying the object by ×2 onto the fiber bundle. e Imaging configuration with metalens and coherent fiber endoscope for f , g this time with ×1 magnification. f QPI through an endoscope is able to distinguish top and bottom spirogyra in a crossing. g Structure of individual zygoplasts is visible in the phase image even in low-brightness conditions

Article Snippet: The metalens imaging setup includes an infinity-corrected ×20 objective (Nikon Plan Fluor ×20, 0.50 NA), which collects light scattered by the metalens at a distance of 2 mm from the metalens.

Techniques: Algae, Imaging